Types Of Cognac, Understanding Cognac Age Classifications
Understanding Cognac Classifications
Cognac, one of the world’s most revered spirits, is categorised based on the ageing of the youngest eau-de-vie in the blend. Whether you are a connoisseur or a newcomer to this refined drink, understanding the different types of Cognac can help you choose the right bottle for any occasion. Below, we explore the main classifications, from youthful VS to the luxurious XXO and beyond.
VS Cognac (Very Special)
VS Cognac must be aged for a minimum of two years in French oak barrels. Also referred to as ‘Selection’, ‘De Luxe’, or denoted by three stars (***) on a bottle, this category offers a lively and youthful profile.
- Light straw-yellow to amber colour due to its relatively short ageing process.
- Fruity aromas with a vibrant character.
- Slightly fiery on the palate with a fresh and lively finish.
- Best enjoyed in cocktails, mixed drinks, or over ice.
While some enjoy VS Cognac neat, it is most commonly used as a base for Cognac cocktails like a Sidecar or Brandy Sour, making it a staple for mixologists.
VSOP Cognac (Very Superior Old Pale)
Originating from an order by King George IV in 1817, VSOP Cognac requires a minimum ageing of four years. However, many VSOPs include much older eaux-de-vie to achieve a well-balanced and complex profile.
- Golden amber colour, deeper than VS Cognac.
- Richer, more mature aromas of dried fruit, vanilla, and light oak.
- Smoother texture with hints of spice and floral undertones.
- Versatile for sipping neat, on the rocks, or in elevated cocktails.
A VSOP Cognac delivers an excellent balance of freshness and complexity, making it a great choice for those who appreciate a more refined experience. Popular options include Courvoisier VSOP and Remy Martin VSOP.
XO Cognac (Extra Old)
XO Cognac must contain eaux-de-vie aged for at least 10 years. Initially introduced by Hennessy in 1870, this category showcases the depth and complexity that extended ageing brings.
- Deep amber to mahogany colour with a rich viscosity.
- Complex nose featuring warm spices, toffee, chocolate, nuts, and dried fruit.
- Velvety mouthfeel with long, lingering notes of oak and spice.
- Best enjoyed neat or with a drop of water to unlock its intricate layers.
For those looking to experience the pinnacle of Cognac craftsmanship, XO is an excellent choice. Renowned XO Cognacs include Hennessy XO and Delamain XO.
XXO Cognac (Extra Extra Old)
Introduced officially in 2018, XXO Cognac must be aged for at least 14 years. This category was created to differentiate the oldest Cognacs from XO, offering an unparalleled depth of character.
- Intense mahogany hue with an exceptionally smooth texture.
- Profound aromas of dark chocolate, leather, and dried fruit.
- Deep, harmonious flavours with layers of spice, oak, and honey.
- Reserved for slow sipping, allowing time to appreciate its depth.
For collectors and enthusiasts, an XXO Cognac, such as Martell Chanteloup XXO, represents the highest tier of aged Cognacs.
Napoleon Cognac
Although not an official designation, Napoleon Cognac is often associated with eaux-de-vie aged longer than six years, positioning it between VSOP and XO categories.
- Smooth yet robust, with refined oak and fruit notes.
- Named after the French Emperor Napoleon, who famously enjoyed Cognac during his exile.
- An ideal choice for those who enjoy the richness of an XO but at a more accessible level.
- Courvoisier Napoleon Cognac remains a celebrated expression within this age bracket.
Reserve Cognac
A step beyond XO, Reserve Cognac consists of eaux-de-vie aged for a minimum of 10 years, often much longer. Some expressions, such as "Reserve Familiale" or "Vieille Reserve," come from a house’s most precious cellars.
- Exceptionally smooth and elegant with deeply integrated flavours.
- Aged well beyond the minimum requirement for a luxurious taste experience.
- Often released in limited quantities, making it highly sought after
Hors d’Age Cognac
Translated as “beyond age,” Hors d’Age Cognac refers to the most prestigious and well-aged blends, typically over 30 years old.
- Rich, deep amber colour with extraordinary smoothness.
- Intensely aromatic with layers of dried fruit, leather, spice, and caramel.
- Reserved for those who appreciate the pinnacle of Cognac ageing.
- Notable selections include Navarre Souvenir Imperial, which showcases the refinement of this category.
Extra Cognac
Although classified under the XO category, Extra Cognac denotes a superior quality beyond the standard XO.
- Minimum 10 years of ageing, but often much older.
- More intense, concentrated flavours with remarkable smoothness.
- A premium choice for those seeking exclusivity and craftsmanship.
Camus Extra Cognac is an excellent representation of this high-end classification.
Cuvee Cognac
Unlike traditional age classifications, Cuvee Cognac refers to a unique blend or batch, often released as a limited edition.
- Carefully curated blends showcasing exceptional eaux-de-vie.
- Can vary in style from youthful vibrancy to deep maturity.
- Offers a rare and unique tasting experience.
Choosing The Right Cognac
When selecting a Cognac, consider your preference for flavour intensity, smoothness, and occasion. VS is ideal for cocktails, VSOP provides a balance of complexity and versatility, and XO or beyond offers an indulgent sipping experience.